Sten Vesterli's Blog

Making IT Live up to its Promise

Category: Technology That Fits

Can You Trust Your Vendor?

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Did you invite the hackers in yourself? Hundreds of German companies are waking up to the revelation that “German” cyber-security company Protelion is a front for a Russian company with links to Russian intelligence.

The hapless boss of the German IT Security agency even invited Potelion to sit on the German Cybersecurity Council. He is facing an unceremonious sacking…

Being able to roam freely inside the firewall and install agents with admin privileges is the dream of any hacker. There are at least one million devices running Protelion’s “security” software and the companies who invited Protelion in face a wholesale scrubbing of their entire IT infrastructure.

How do you plan to ensure that your security audits do not worsen your security?

Letting a System Give Ridiculous Answers

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Here is another example of a computer giving a ridiculous answer. When I book a hotel, Booking.com will automatically suggest an airport transfer. OK, but not when the airport is 200 kilometers and a long ferry ride away. Providing meaningless answers to your users is not a trivial problem that you can brush off. It undermines the confidence your users have in a system, usage drops, and shadow systems in excel proliferate. Do you have a policy to build sanity checks into your systems?

Are You Afraid Robots Will Take Your Job?

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Robots are not taking our jobs. It’s a good story to create eye-catching headlines and generate clicks, but the numbers do not support it in any way.  Michael Handel of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has published a paper where he carefully analyzes job losses across many professions. He finds that job losses follow long-term trends, and there is no hint of the dramatic changes predicted by people who make a living from predicting that the sky will shortly fall.

That matches what I see in the organizations I work with. Traditional IT projects regularly fail, and AI projects have an even higher failure rate. They might deliver something, but too often, it turns out to be impossible to move an AI experiment out of the lab and into productive use.

Additionally, in the cases where AI does provide real business benefits, it handles one specific task and not a whole job. All of our AI today is very narrowly trained for one task. That frees up workers to do more useful things with their time, making them more productive.

For example, the illustration for this post is made by me and the Midjourney AI. It was told to illustrate “the robots are not taking our jobs.” We ran a few iterations where I selected the best of its suggestions until we came up with this image.

Why Projects Without Business Cases are Shot Down

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I just had a customer attempt to start a project without a business case. Such projects are usually driven by the desire to use a specific technology and with a vague idea that this would somehow benefit the end user.

If the IT department is strong, some of these orphan projects get started. They might be successful. However, since the organization has no idea of the business benefit, it is blind luck if the benefits exceed the cost.

If the business prevention department (compliance/legal) is strongest, they are shot down. There is always a reason not to make any changes. A project without a business case can be mortally wounded by any objections about compliance, GDPR, security, etc.

That is why every project needs a business case. It prevents IT from wasting money on something that will not add value, and it prevents compliance & legal from killing projects with a positive business impact.

Do your projects have solid business cases? If not, get in touch, and I’ll help you.

Who is in Charge of Outside-the-Box Thinking?

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Everyone can track your license plate – not just the cops. A Belgian security researcher noticed that most parking apps do not validate that you actually own the license plate you add to your app. That means a stalker can add his victim’s license plate to his app and immediately be notified whenever that person parks anywhere…

This is another example of the inside-the-box thinking that developers are prone to. The developers of the Kryptonite bike lock had made it out of extra reinforced steel. Too bad a weakness in the lock allowed a hacker to open it with half of a ballpoint pen.

Finding holes in a system is not just securing the login and checking the encryption. It involves examining the system and its environment and users. That is a skill most developers lack. You need a “red team” who can find the holes before you roll out something embarrassingly insecure.

Patching is Your Responsibility, not Your Customer’s

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Face it, you are not even fully patching your own systems. Assuming that your customers or users will try to patch their systems is unrealistic.

If you are delivering any product that contains software, you need to think about how you will patch the thing. Tesla just discovered a problem with the pinch protection in their power windows. Cars with electric windows must have an “automatic window reversal system” that detects if it is about to pinch a finger or worse. Tesla found its system would not always be within the required parameters and pushed out an over-the-air update to more than a million vehicles. Elon Musk took to Twitter to fume about the fact that such a fix is technically a “recall.”

On the other hand, more than a year after the vulnerability was discovered, there are still more than 80,000 vulnerable Hikvision cameras connected to the internet. Besides the fact that everybody can view their footage, the built-in Linux server is probably also mining crypto and sending spam. The owners could not be bothered to pull the thing down from the wall, connect it with a cable, install updated firmware and mount it again.

Be like Tesla, not like Hikvision.

A Value-Destroying Technical Innovation

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The important part is not the technology itself. It is how it interacts with its surroundings.

The big Ethereum upgrade (aka “The Merge”) seems to have been successful from a technical standpoint. But it seems that the Ethereum community focused on the enormous technical challenge of merging the existing Ethereum blockchain with another without stopping either. The problem is that changing from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake turned Ether tokens from a currency into a security. When you “stake” your Ether, you earn interest. And suddenly, the Ethereum ecosystem is subject to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules. Consequently, Ether is down 26% this week.

You can implement highly advanced technology with enough skill, time, and money. But unless you have someone skeptical think through how your tech will interact with its environment, all of the tech wizardry might go unused. It might even be destroying value as the Ethereum Merge did.

The Wrong Way to Use Open Source

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The glass is less than half full, and that is worrying. One of the focus areas in the 2022 State of Data Science report was enterprise adoption of open source. On every important metric, less than half the respondents gave the answer I was hoping for. For example, “We use a managed repository” got 43%, and “We use a vulnerability scanner” got 36%.

With such a low security maturity, it is obvious that the Log4j debacle and recent hacktivism has dented open source adoption. 40% report scaling back the use of open source in the past year.

Open Source gives you transparency that proprietary software doesn’t. That means you have the ability to verify that it works as promised instead of simply trusting vendor promises. But if you don’t make use of this transparency and instead simply download something because it’s free, you are setting yourself up for problems. Is your organization found in the more than half-empty part of the glass?

How to Avoid Hardwired Credentials

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“We’ll add security later,” the developers said.

“We have to ship,” the manager said.

And that’s how 1000s of apps came to be released with hardcoded AWS passwords. That means that hackers can take these credentials and get full access to the AWS back end behind the apps, including reading and changing data for all users. The large number of vulnerable apps does not indicate that thousands of developers have hardcoded credentials. It shows that a smaller number hardcoded AWS credentials into their libraries, and thousands of developers uncritically used these libraries.

We see this kind of IT library supply chain problem all the time. It is much less likely to happen if you have a security QA gate in your workflow. Every system needs to have a security review signed off by an internal employee. It doesn’t help to contract this out. Your security consultant will be long gone when the vulnerability comes to light. The review has to be done by someone whose job is on the line.

Thanks to Kim Berg Hansen for pointing me to this story.

The Antidote to Value-Destroying Vanity Projects

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Choosing the solution that is 100 times more expensive sounds absurd. Nevertheless, that is what the U.S. Congress has decided, which is why NASA is struggling to get its SLS rocket off the ground. It has nothing to do with putting a man on the moon and everything to do with keeping the big NASA factory in Alabama running. They don’t have the technology to compete with newer space companies like SpaceX but are cobbling together old Space Shuttle parts. They’ve actually been going around to museums in the U.S., taking out old space shuttle engines for the quixotic project foisted upon them by Alabama Senator Richard Shelby.

Some organizations face a similar challenge: The CEO or someone else in senior leadership has an idea for some technology, and IT is ordered to deliver it. It doesn’t matter if such a vanity project is practical, feasible, or cost-efficient. You cannot fight this kind of project individually because they are highly connected with the ego of one individual.

The solution is to establish a standard evaluation process for technology projects. Every project needs a business owner responsible for calculating the business benefit. Every project also has a technical owner responsible for calculating the cost, including the ongoing running costs after completion. If the benefit comfortably exceeds the cost, the project is qualified to enter the competition with other claims on company investment.

You might not have such a process because a rational decision might also kill some of the IT department’s most beloved resumé-enhancing projects…